原文地址：https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/64147840/vladimir-kondrashin-31-masterminds-of-european-basketball
之前别洛夫的那篇是手打的，这篇打到一半发现另一个网站直接有文字版就偷懒copy过来了：https://www.euroleague.net/news/i/avrs6glw679o86iv/31-masterminds-vladimir-kondrashin
Triple-crown winner
There are only two players who have won the Olympic Games, EuroLeague and NBA championships. They are Bill Bradley (USA in Tokyo 1964, Simmenthal Milan in 1966, and New York in 1970 and 1973) and Manu Ginobili (Argentina in Athens 2004, Kinder Bologna in 2001, and San Antonio in 2003, 2005, 2007 and 2014). Among coaches there are no such triple champions, simply because until David Blatt there had never been a coach who won the EuroLeague and coached in the NBA.
But there is one coach with a very impressive triple crown of his own: Vladimir Kondrashin.
This great Russian coach, who lived his best years on the bench with the USSR, was an Olympic champion at Munich in1972, EuroBasket champion in 1971 and World Cup champion in 1974, all of them with Team USSR. And with his lifelong club, Spartak St. Petersburg, Kondrashin also won a USSR championship and two Saporta Cups. He was a much-coveted coach, loved by all because of his personality and human qualities.
A difficult childhood
Vladimir Kondrashin was born on January 14, 1929 in Saint Petersburg. He was caught in the middle of World War II as a 12-year-old, and his native city was under German siege for 872 days. He went through hell, like the rest of the city’s inhabitants: famine, fear, cold and all kinds of suffering.
When, on January 27, 1944, the so-called “Way of Life” was finally opened, he traveled to his grandmother’s town, even though his father was badly injured. After the war, Kondrashin returned to the city where he finished his technical degree in school. He was a plumber, but his destiny would be in sports. He lived in a neighborhood with a bad reputation and many of his street friends ended up as criminals. Kondrashin was saved by sports. First, he started boxing, then came football and ice hockey. He learned about basketball when he had to go to military service.
There, he met Alexander Gomelskiy, who years later would become his greatest opponent.
Thanks to my friend and colleague from Moscow, Bojan Soc, I can present some more details about Kondrashin. I was fortunate enough to meet him and talk to him a couple of times, but the information provided by Soc completed my memory of this great coach.
It’s been said that he was a solid player. He played shooting guard and was a hard worker, taking at least 500 shots in every practice. In 1952, he played for CSKA, the Red Army team. Basketball was his destiny, and in 1953 he married Yevghenia, a Dinamo player. One year later, their son Yuriy was born.
The decisive year in Kondrashin’s career was 1958. Spartak St. Petersburg, then called Leningrad, won the city championship and a qualifying tourney that entitled the team to play in the USSR first division. That same year, a good American team played in the city and Kondrashin – still an active player – was seen at the Americans’ practice, jotting down some notes. Those were the first clues that he wanted to be a coach.
Kondrashin put an end to his playing career in 1965 at 35 years of age and was swiftly named head coach at Spartak, but he felt he was not yet ready for this role. Instead, he took charge of the junior team and stayed there for two years until coming back to the bench of the first team in 1967. He remained there for 30 years, sharing the job with the position of USSR head coach for several years.
The fact that both Kondrashin and Gomelskiy came from the same city caused some to think there was a “Saint Petersburg school” of coaching, but the great Sergei Belov didn’t agree.
“None of that school nonsense,” he insisted. “It was only Kondrashin’s passion, his vision, his hard work. He was the first one to build the national team away from the city. He enjoyed discovering young talents, becoming their second father, and then taking them to the sports institute.”
His biggest discovery, and the most important player in his career, was Alexander ‘Sasha’ Belov. Both would enter the history books of basketball and the Olympic Games, but before that, Kondrashin would have to win a battle with Belov’s parents. Belov Sr. was having none of his son playing basketball, but Belov’s mother supported her son’s choice. The mother prevailed and, at age 16, Belov made his debut against VEF Riga where the giant Jan Krumins was playing. The kid, a lot faster, had some steals on the big man and even blocked some of his shots.
In three seasons between 1968 and 1970, Spartak finished fourth, third and second in the league. Kondrashin had built a great team using his special methods and quirks. Some say, for example, that during trips, Kondrashin took his own water from a fountain in the village of Sapki, where he had a second residence. He didn’t trust the water in some cities.
Kondrashin came close to his first title in the 1970-71 season. CSKA (coached by Gomelskiy) and Spartak ended up with the same number of points and had to play a tie-breaker in Tbilisi. With 5 seconds to go, Yuri Stukin put Spartak ahead by a single point, but Sergei Belov scored an impossible basket to give CSKA the title.
Three more years of second places would have to pass before Spartak finally won the league title. It happened in the 1974-75 season, with the decisive game played in Saint Petersburg. CSKA led in the first half by 17 points, but Spartak came back in the second and managed to pull off the win by a single point, 78-77. Sergei Kuznetsov scored the decisive basket with 6 seconds to go.
Yuriy, Kondrashin’s son, says that his father gave even more value to this title than to the 1972 Olympics gold in Munich. Andrej Makayev, the only player to appear in all 36 games that season, explained Kondrashin’s methods of work.
“We didn’t have videos, no technical help,” Makayev recalled. “Kondrashin used pictures from magazines he bought when he traveled abroad. In a single still shot we studied the possible moves of the opponents. He insisted a lot on repetition until you became automatic. We put some emphasis on the full-court pass, something that gave him the Olympic gold in Munich.”
One of Kondrashin’s most definitive features was defense. At Spartak it was forced upon him, because in his team only Vladimir Arzamashkov and Makeyev had reputations as good shooters. The rest were fighters, hard workers who had rebounding as their best weapon. Stats from the 1974-75 season show that Spartak pulled seven out of every 10 possible rebounds. Kondrashin had 14 players in the roster, but three of them only played between one and four games. Gomelskiy’s CSKA had two almost identical lineups, but Spartak won its title with five or six starters and three or four substitutes.
Two Saporta Cups
Before that league triumph, in the 1972-73 season, Spartak won its first European title. In the old Cup Winners’ Cup – renamed later the Saporta Cup – Kondrashin’s team defeated Jugoplastika Split 77-62 in the title game played in Thessaloniki. There were no doubts about who the champ would be. Sasha Belov scored 18 points and Valeriy Fyodorov 25.
Two years later, in Spartak’s best season ever, the team recaptured the same title. This time, the rival in the final was Crvena Zvezda Belgrade in a game played in Nantes, on March 16, 1975. It was again in comeback fashion as Zvezda was winning 53-38 in the 30th minute, before a 2-18 run allowed Spartak to jump ahead and in the end win 62-63. Vladimir Arzamashkov was the top scorer with 17 points, while Belov netted 10.
Spartak would go on to win the national cup in 1987, but in 1988 Kondrashin left the club. Without him, the team struggled to stay in the first division. He returned in 1989, launching a young talent named Evgeny Pashutin, and Spartak finished second. His last title came in 1992, when he won the CEI league (made up of new countries arising from the breakup of the USSR). His last goodbye came in 1995. He died on 23 December 1999.
Three seconds in Munich
Kondrashin and Gomelskiy were rivals not only in the USSR league, but also with the national team. After the 1970 FIBA Basketball World Cup in Ljubljana, Gomelskiy was released from the national bench and Kondrashin sat there for the first time. His debut came at the Universiade in Turin, where the USSR beat a good USA team in the final. The 1-3-1 zone used by Kondrashin put the American offense in real trouble.
Recalling that time, Sergei Belov spoke about “a new atmosphere” in the team and also a different style of play, regarding it as “more creative, even though Kondrashin is a rigorous tactician.”
At the 1971 EuroBasket, the USSR won the gold medal with two new men, Ivan Yedeshko and Aleksei Tammiste. Sasha Belov and Mikheil Korkia also became staples in the national team. In the semifinals, the USSR defeated Italy 93-66 and in the title game the victim was the world champion, Yugoslavia, 69-64.
Kondrashin was a great, systematic coach who paid attention to detail. He was also very tactical and very humane with his players. His wife says that he “breathed basketball” and that sometimes he woke up in the middle of the night to jot down some ideas he had while sleeping.
However, his career will always be marked by the infamous 3 seconds that had to be repeated in the 1972 Olympic final in Munich. For that competition, he convinced Gennadi Volnov, a six-time European champion with the USSR, to come back to be the leader the team needed. In the final against the United States, Kondrashin surprised observers with a starting five including both Belovs and Alzhan Zarmuhamedov, but then he also added Zurab Sakandelidze and Mikheil Korkia, who were not the usual starters. He wanted a faster, more aggressive style.
As they say, the rest is history. Due to a mistake at the officials’ table, FIBA Secretary William Jones ordered the last 3 seconds of the game to be repeated. In that repetition, the USSR scored through Sasha Belov to win the gold. Kondrashin later explained the miracle in his own words.
“In our practices, both in Spartak and the national team, we practiced the long passes a lot, especially full-court passes,” he revealed. “Ivan Yedeshko had good strength in his hands and our only chance was a long pass to Sasha Belov. I was sure he would get the ball, but I was expecting a foul and hoping that one free throw would go in so we could have overtime. However, the pass was perfect and so was Sasha’s fake, and we managed to win the game.”
That was the end of a 63-game winning streak for the United States in the Olympic Games, dating back to 1936 in Berlin. At the 1974 FIBA World Cup in Puerto Rico, Kondrashin and the USSR completed the triple crown with a gold. Yugoslavia placed second and USA third. And if that was not enough, he also won the 1975 Intercontinental Cup.
At the 1976 Olympics in Montreal, the USSR fell in the semis to Yugoslavia 84-89 and could only win the bronze medal, which was enough for Kondrashin to be released. The communist ideology didn’t understand second or third place. It was Kondrashin and Sasha Belov’s last big competition.
In his last few years, Kondrashin worked with young players at the Spartak school which bore Sasha Belov’s name after the latter died in 1978. The two heroes of Munich 1972 were, in some way, together again.
为了看得直观一点但站长又比较懒惰，所以引用谷歌机翻如下（机翻有疏漏，做了一点点修正，但希望一切仍以原文为准）：
三冠王
获得过奥运会冠军的球员只有两个，欧洲联赛和NBA总冠军。他们是比尔·布拉德利（1964 年在东京的美国，1966 年的西门塔尔米兰，1970 年和 1973 年的纽约）和马努·吉诺比利（2004 年在雅典的阿根廷，2001 年的博洛尼亚金德，以及 2003、2005、2007 和 2007 年的圣安东尼奥）。在教练中没有这样的三冠王，仅仅是因为在大卫布拉特之前，从来没有一位教练赢得过欧洲联赛并在 NBA 执教过。
但是有一位教练拥有非常令人印象深刻的三冠王：弗拉基米尔·康德拉辛（Vladimir Kondrashin）。
这位伟大的俄罗斯教练曾在苏联队的替补席上度过了他最好的时光，他曾是 1972 年慕尼黑奥运会冠军、1971 年欧洲篮球锦标赛冠军和 1974 年世界杯冠军，他们都是苏联队的成员。凭借他的终生俱乐部 Spartak St. Petersburg，Kondrashin 还赢得了苏联冠军和两次萨波尔塔杯。他是一位令人梦寐以求的教练，因为他的个性和人的品质而受到所有人的喜爱。
艰难的童年
弗拉基米尔·康德拉申 (Vladimir Kondrashin) 于 1929 年 1 月 14 日出生于圣彼得堡。他 12 岁就在二战中期被捕（注：原文的was caught in the middle of…感觉指的不是被抓，而是指在那个时候正好爆发了二战），他的故乡被德国围困了 872 天。他和城里的其他居民一样经历了地狱：饥荒、恐惧、寒冷和各种苦难。
1944 年 1 月 27 日，当所谓的“生活方式”终于开放时，尽管父亲受了重伤，他还是去了祖母的小镇。战争结束后，康德拉辛回到了他在学校完成技术学位的城市。他是一名水管工，但他的命运是运动。他住在一个名声不好的街区，他的许多街头朋友最终都成为了罪犯。康德拉辛被体育拯救了。首先，他开始拳击，然后是足球和冰球。当他不得不服兵役时，他学会了篮球。
在那里，他遇到了亚历山大·戈梅尔斯基（Alexander Gomelskiy），后者在多年后成为他最大的对手。
感谢我来自莫斯科的朋友和同事 Bojan Soc，我可以提供更多关于康德拉辛 的细节。我有幸见到他并与他交谈过几次，但 Soc 提供的信息使我对这位伟大教练的记忆更加深刻。
据说他是一个可靠的球员。他打得分后卫，是一个勤奋的人，每次练习至少出手500次。 1952年，他效力于红军中央陆军队。篮球是他的宿命，1953 年，他与迪纳摩 (Dinamo) 球员叶夫盖尼亚 (Yevghenia) 结婚。一年后，他们的儿子尤里出生了。
康德拉辛职业生涯的决定性年份是 1958 年。 圣彼得堡斯巴达队，当时称为列宁格勒，赢得了城市冠军和资格赛，使球队有资格参加苏联甲级联赛。同年，一支优秀的美国球队在这座城市打球，康德拉辛——仍然是一名活跃的球员——在美国人的训练中被看到，记下了一些笔记。这些是他想成为一名教练的第一个线索。
1965 年，35 岁的康德拉辛结束了自己的职业生涯，并迅速被任命为斯巴达克的主教练，但他觉得自己还没有为这个角色做好准备。相反，他负责青年队并在那里呆了两年，直到 1967 年回到一线队的替补席。他在那里呆了 30 年，与苏联主教练的位置共享了几年的工作（注：指的是在此期间也同时担任了几年苏联队主教练的工作）。
Kondrashin 和 Gomelskiy 来自同一个城市的事实让一些人认为有一个培养教练的“圣彼得堡学校”，但伟大的谢尔盖别洛夫并不同意。
“不要胡说八道什么学校，”他坚持说。 “这只是 Kondrashin 的热情、他的远见和他的辛勤工作。他是第一个在远离城市的地方组建国家队的人。他喜欢发现年轻人才，成为他们的第二个父亲，然后带他们去体育学院。”
他最大的发现，也是他职业生涯中最重要的球员，是亚历山大·“萨沙”·别洛夫。两者都将载入篮球史和奥运会史册，但在此之前，康德拉申必须与别洛夫的父母进行一场战斗。老别洛夫没有儿子打篮球，但别洛夫的母亲支持儿子的选择。母亲占了上风，16 岁时，别洛夫在巨人扬·克鲁明斯 (Jan Krumins) 所在的 VEF 里加 (VEF Riga) 的比赛中首次亮相。这个孩子快了很多，抢断了大个子，甚至挡住了他的一些投篮。
在 1968 年至 1970 年的三个赛季中，斯巴达克在联赛中排名第四、第三和第二。 Kondrashin 使用他的特殊方法和怪癖建立了一个伟大的团队。例如，有人说，Kondrashin 在旅行期间从 Sapki 村的一个喷泉里取水，他在那里有第二个住所。他不相信某些城市的水。
康德拉辛在 1970-71 赛季接近他的第一个冠军头衔。中央陆军（由 戈麦尔斯基执教）和 斯巴达克 最终得分相同，不得不在第比利斯打平局。还剩 5 秒时，尤里·斯图金 (Yuri Stukin) 将斯巴达克领先一分，但谢尔盖·别洛夫 (Sergei Belov) 打进了一个不可能的篮筐，让中央陆军夺得冠军。
在斯巴达克最终赢得联赛冠军之前，还需要再过三年的第二名。它发生在 1974-75 赛季，决定性的比赛是在圣彼得堡进行的。中央陆军在上半场领先 17 分，但斯巴达克在下半场扳回一城，并以 78-77 的比分领先一分。谢尔盖·库兹涅佐夫在比赛还剩 6 秒时打进了决定性的篮筐。
康德拉辛的儿子尤里 (Yuriy) 说，与 1972 年慕尼黑奥运会的金牌相比，他的父亲对这个冠军头衔的重视程度更高。安德烈·马卡耶夫是那个赛季唯一一个出现在所有 36 场比赛中的球员，他解释了康德拉辛的工作方法。
“我们没有视频，没有技术帮助，”马卡耶夫回忆道。 “康德拉辛 使用了他出国旅行时购买的杂志中的图片。在一个静止的镜头中，我们研究了对手可能的动作。他坚持要重复很多次，直到你变得自动。我们把重点放在了全场传球上，这让他在慕尼黑获得了奥运金牌。”
康德拉辛最明确的特征之一是防御。在斯巴达克这件事不得已而为之，因为在他的球队中，只有弗拉基米尔·阿尔扎马什科夫和马克耶夫被誉为优秀的射手。其余的都是战士，他们是以抢篮板为最佳武器的努力工作者。 1974-75 赛季的数据显示，斯巴达克每 10 个可能的篮板中就有 7 个。康德拉辛有 14 名球员，但其中三人只打了 1 到 4 场比赛。戈梅尔斯基的中央陆军有两个几乎相同的阵容，但斯巴达克凭借五六个首发和三四个替补赢得了冠军。
两个 萨波塔杯
在那次联赛胜利之前，在 1972-73 赛季，斯巴达克赢得了它的第一个欧洲冠军。在旧的优胜者杯（后来更名为萨波尔塔杯）中，康德拉辛的球队在塞萨洛尼基举行的冠军赛中以 77-62 击败了尤戈普拉斯卡斯普利特。毫无疑问，谁会是冠军。萨沙-贝洛夫得到18分，瓦列里-费奥多罗夫得到25分。
两年后，在斯巴达有史以来最好的赛季中，球队重新夺回了同一个冠军头衔。
这一次，在1975年3月16日在南特进行的比赛中，决赛的对手是贝尔格莱德的兹维兹达。这场比赛又是以复出的方式进行的，兹维兹达在第30分钟时以53-38获胜，然后以2-18的比分让斯巴达领先，最后以62-63获胜。弗拉基米尔-阿尔扎马什科夫（Vladimir Arzamashkov）得到了17分，而贝洛夫（Belov）得到了10分，成为得分最高的球员。
斯巴达克在1987年继续赢得国家杯，但在1988年孔德拉辛离开了俱乐部。没有他，球队挣扎着留在甲级联赛中。他在1989年回来了，推出了一个名叫叶夫根尼-帕舒廷的年轻天才，斯巴达克获得了第二名。他的最后一个冠军是在1992年，当时他赢得了CEI联赛（由苏联解体后产生的新国家组成）。他的最后一次告别是在1995年。他于1999年12月23日去世。
慕尼黑三秒
康德拉申和戈梅尔斯基不仅是苏联联赛的对手，也是国家队的对手。 1970年卢布尔雅那国际篮联篮球世界杯后，戈梅尔斯基从国家队替补席上被解雇，康德拉申第一次坐在那里。他的处子秀是在都灵举行的大运会上，苏联在决赛中击败了一支优秀的美国队。康德拉辛使用的 1-3-1 区域让美国的进攻陷入了真正的麻烦。
回忆那段时间，谢尔盖·别洛夫谈到了球队的“新氛围”以及不同的比赛风格，认为“更有创意，尽管康德拉辛是一个严谨的战术家”。
在1971年欧锦赛上，苏联队以两名新人伊万-耶德什科和阿列克谢-塔米斯特赢得了金牌。萨沙-贝洛夫和米哈伊尔-科尔基亚也成为国家队的主力。在半决赛中，苏联队以93-66击败了意大利队，在冠军赛中，受害者是世界冠军南斯拉夫队，比分是69-64。
康德拉辛是一位伟大的、系统的教练，他关注细节。他也很有战术性，对他的球员很有人情味。他的妻子说，他 “呼吸着篮球”，有时他会在半夜醒来，记下他睡觉时的一些想法。
然而，他的职业生涯将永远以 1972 年慕尼黑奥运会决赛中不得不重复上演的臭名昭著的最后3秒为标志。在那场比赛中，他说服了曾在苏联获得六次欧洲冠军的根纳季·沃尔诺夫（Gennadi Volnov）重新成为球队需要的领袖。在对阵美国队的决赛中，康德拉辛以包括别洛夫斯和扎尔穆哈梅多夫在内的五名先发球员出人意料，但随后他还加入了祖拉布·萨坎德利泽和米哈伊尔·科基亚，他们不是通常的先发球员。他想要一种更快、更具侵略性的风格。
正如他们所说，剩下的就是历史了。由于在裁判席上的一个错误，国际篮联秘书威廉-琼斯下令重复比赛的最后3秒。在那次重演中，苏联队通过萨沙-贝洛夫得分，赢得了金牌。康德拉辛后来用自己的话解释了这个奇迹。
“在我们的训练中，无论是在斯巴达克还是在国家队，我们都经常练习长传，尤其是全场传球，”他透露。 “伊万·叶德什科手上有很好的力量，我们唯一的机会是长传给萨沙·贝洛夫。我确信他会拿到球，但我期待犯规并希望罚球进入，这样我们就可以加时赛了。然而，传球是完美的，萨沙的假动作也是如此，我们成功地赢得了比赛。”
1936 年在柏林举行的奥运会上，美国队的 63 连胜就这样结束了。 1974年在波多黎各举行的FIBA世界杯上，康德拉辛和苏联以金牌完成了三冠王。南斯拉夫排名第二，美国排名第三。如果这还不够，他还赢得了 1975 年洲际杯。
1976年蒙特利尔奥运会，苏联在半决赛中以84-89负于南斯拉夫，只能获得铜牌，这足以让康德拉辛出局。共产主义意识形态不了解第二或第三位。这是康德拉辛和 萨沙·贝洛夫 的最后一场大型比赛。
在他的最后几年里，康德拉辛与斯巴达克学校的年轻球员一起工作，后者在 1978 年去世后以萨沙·贝洛夫的名字命名。 1972 年慕尼黑的两位英雄在某种程度上又在一起了。
后记：这里讲到了一件很奇怪的事。指1952年康德拉辛曾经为中陆打过球。但从其他记叙他生平的采访或者文章，或者是从夫人的回忆来看，1952年他进入的是列宁格勒军队体育俱乐部，之后进到斯巴达克直至最后，他从来没有为另外一支俱乐部球队工作过。所以不知道笔者这里所说的为中陆打球是不是指的这个军队俱乐部或者是我们挖料还不够深入准确？又或者是笔者把这件事情搞混了？
另外我不太明白这个文章的撰稿人到底是哪里人，他们对于慕尼黑3秒钟的主观态度太过于明显以至于我看得有点不适。